Old rum: Appellations, production and tasting
After seeing the difference between white, dark, and amber rum , let's take a look at another type of rum. Aged rum , unlike its younger counterparts, has benefited from a long rest in barrels that transforms it , enriching its profile with complex aromas and unparalleled depth. We'll explore what exactly an aged rum means , how it's created , and how best to taste it to fully appreciate it. We'll also discuss the different appellations that help understand the levels of aging and quality, and provide tips on selecting and storing aged rum . Whether you're a fan of high-end arranged rum or eager to discover the world of rum, this article is for you.
What is an old rum?
Aged rum is a term used to describe rum that has undergone a prolonged aging process in wooden barrels, usually oak. This aging process gives the rum unique flavor qualities and complexity that clearly distinguish it from younger rums.
The aging process of old rum
Aging is the heart of the process that transforms a regular rum into an aged rum . After distillation, the rum is transferred to barrels where it will remain for at least three years , but often much longer. During this time, the rum interacts with the wood of the barrel, allowing it to acquire aromas of vanilla, caramel, dried fruits, and spices . The wood also plays a crucial role in softening the rum , reducing its initial astringency, and enriching its texture.
You can also find out how to make arranged rum .
The importance of the barrel in the creation of aged rum
The type of wood used for the barrels significantly influences the final profile of the rum. American oak barrels, often previously used for bourbon, are common and impart notes of vanilla and caramel . Some distillers use French oak barrels, which bring more subtle nuances of dried fruit and spices . Additionally, using barrels that have held sherry, port, or other wines can introduce additional layers of aromatic complexity.
The climate where the rum is aged also plays a crucial role. In tropical climates, where the majority of aged rums are produced, the evaporation rate is high. This phenomenon, often called the angel's share (rum evaporation) , concentrates the flavors and accelerates maturation, allowing the rum to acquire a richness in a few years that would take decades in more temperate climates.
What are the different names for aged rum?
The names of aged rum help identify the age and sometimes the quality of the rum. They are often borrowed from the terminology used in the production of cognac and other spirits. Here are some of the most common:
Very Old rum
The VO indicates that a rum has been aged for at least three years. However, this period can vary depending on the specific standards of each rum-producing country or region. These rums offer a good balance between woody character and accessibility.
VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale) aged rum
VSOP rums are typically aged for at least four to five years. These rums are more complex and have greater aromatic depth, with more elaborate notes of dried fruits, spices, and wood.
XO (Extra Old) Old Rum
XO rums are aged for at least six years, offering even greater complexity and roundness. These rums tend to exhibit qualities almost comparable to those of older whiskies or cognacs, with rich aromas and a long finish.
Hors d'âge old rum
Hors d'âge rums are often blends of several rums, the youngest of which has been aged for a significant period, usually at least six to ten years. This category includes rums of great prestige and superior quality, often produced in limited quantities.
Old vintage rum
A vintage rum is produced from a single year of production and is often aged for a decade or more. These rums capture the essence of a particular year and are highly valued by collectors and connoisseurs.
These designations are not only indicators of time; they also reveal a level of care, skill, and often tradition in the making of rum. Choosing between these different categories will depend on your personal taste preferences as well as the occasion for which the rum is intended.
The single Cask
Single Cask rums are produced from a single cask, carefully selected by the Cellar Master for their exceptional character. These bottles are often numbered and offer a rare and unique tasting experience.
Cask Strength
Cask Strength refers to rums bottled directly from the cask , without any reduction in alcohol content or post-distillation additions. These rums are stronger in alcohol and flavor, often with strengths around 55 to 56 proof, offering a pure and powerful expression of the spirit.
Here are the different names for old rum:
| Name | Aging Period | Features |
|---|---|---|
| VO (Very Old) | 3 years | Offers a balance between woody character and accessible notes. |
| VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale) | 4-5 years | More complex, with deep aromas of dried fruits, spices and wood. |
| XO (Extra Old) | 6 years or older | Very complex, with rich aromas and a long finish. Comparable to those of old whiskies or cognacs. |
| Out of age | 6-10 years or older | Blends of several prestigious rums, often produced in limited quantities. |
| Vintage | Varies (often 10 years or more) | From a single year of production, captures the essence of a particular year, highly prized by collectors. |
| Single Cask | Variable | Rums from a single cask selected for their exceptional character. Each bottle is often numbered and details the dates it entered and left the cask, offering a unique tasting experience. |
| Cask Strength | Variable | Bottled directly from the barrel with no reduction in alcohol content. High in alcohol (often around 55 to 56 proof) and flavor, they retain all the original nuances of the wood and distillation. |
How to drink and taste an old rum?
Knowing how to drink aged rum is important to fully enjoy these rums. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you fully appreciate every drop of this precious liquid.
How to prepare for tasting your aged rum?
- Glass Choice : For the best experience, use a tasting glass, often called a tulip glass. This type of glass is designed to focus aromas toward the nose, enhancing the olfactory experience.
- Temperature : Serve rum at room temperature to best appreciate all its subtleties. Cold temperatures can reduce the intensity of aromas and flavors.
Guide to tasting aged rum
- Observation : Look closely at the color of the rum. Older rums generally have a darker hue due to their long aging in oak barrels. The depth of color can often indicate the intensity of the flavors.
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Smell : Gently swirl the glass to release the aromas, then inhale deeply. Try to identify the different aromatic notes such as caramel, vanilla, tobacco, dried fruit, or spices.
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Tasting : Take a small sip and let the rum coat your palate. Savor the flavors as they echo the aromas you smelled. Feel the texture of the rum and note whether it's round, oily, or perhaps tangy.
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Finish : After swallowing, pay attention to the length of the finish. Old rums often have a long, complex finish, with flavors that linger pleasantly on the palate.
Note 🚨: Some enthusiasts like to add a few drops of water to "open up" the rum, which can help release more volatile flavors and soften the overall profile.
Can you drink aged rum with ice cubes?
The question of whether or not you can add ice to aged rum is often a matter of debate among rum lovers. Here are some considerations to help you make your choice.
Impact of ice cubes on aged rum
Adding ice cubes to an aged rum has two main effects:
- Chilling : Rum is traditionally enjoyed at room temperature to optimize the expression of its complex aromas. Chilling can mask some of these subtle aromas.
- Dilution : As the ice cubes melt, they dilute the rum, which can lessen its richness on the palate and simplify its flavor profile. However, this dilution can also make the rum smoother and potentially more approachable, especially for those who find the neat version too intense.
Arguments in favor of using ice cubes
- Refreshment : In a hot climate, an ice cube can make the tasting more enjoyable.
- Personalization : Every rum lover has personal preferences. Some may prefer a lighter, fresher tasting experience, especially when consuming rums with a high alcohol profile.
Alternatives to ice cubes
- Whiskey stones : They chill the rum without diluting it, thus preserving the integrity of the flavors and aromas.
- Pre-chilled glass : Placing an empty glass in the freezer before serving the rum can chill the drink without adding water.
- Minimal Water Dosage : Adding a very small amount of water can help "open up" the rum, releasing aromas that are not noticeable when the rum is consumed neat.
Tips for those who prefer to use ice cubes
- Use large ice cubes : They melt more slowly, minimizing rapid dilution.
- Experiment in moderation : Start with just one small ice cube and adjust to your preference.
In summary, while enjoying aged rum without additives is often preferred for an optimal experience, adding ice cubes can be tailored to personal taste or environmental conditions.
What are the best aged rums in the world?
Here is the 2024 selection of the best aged rums in the world:
| Position | Name | Origin | Flavor profile |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saint James Single Cask Rum 1999 | Martinique | Woody, spicy, dried fruits, tobacco |
| 2 | Diplomatic Exclusive Reserve | Venezuela | Caramel, vanilla, fruit, syrupy texture |
| 3 | Appleton Estate 21 Year Old | Jamaica | Molasses sweetness, tangy notes, satisfying aftertaste |
| 4 | El Dorado 25 Year Old | Guyana | Depth, complexity, nuts, black fruits, spices |
| 5 | Ron Zacapa 23 Centenario | Guatemala | Chocolate, tropical fruits, caramel, blend of rums aged between 6 and 23 years |
| 6 | The Favorite Heart of Cane | Martinique | Freshness, maturity, herbaceous and floral notes |
Conclusion on aged rum
In conclusion, aged rum, aged in oak barrels , offers a unique taste experience thanks to its rich and complex aromas. The different designations such as VO, VSOP, XO, Hors d'âge and Millésimé , as well as the Single Cask and Brut de fût categories , provide indications of the age, quality and manufacturing process of the rum. Whether you are looking for a subtle balance or an explosion of flavors, the world of aged rum offers a variety of options to satisfy all palates .
